Analysis Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein - 1257 Words

Melissa McLain ENGL 2228 Prompt 2 21 September 2014 Education in Frankenstein Few fiction novels accurately display the relationship between education and personality development as well as Mary Shelley’s classic Frankenstein, which follows the story of a well esteemed youth becoming educated enough to form a creature from lifeless matter and his subsequent fall from grace. Despite the fact that the novel is from the 1800s, it is effective in depicting the way surroundings impact one’s learning and decision-making process. The relationship between the protagonist, Victor Frankenstein, and his birth family contrasts with the relationship he shares with his creature and leaves the reader with an understanding of how upbringing has direct†¦show more content†¦It is stated that Victor has few friends in his elementary schooling, possibly because â€Å"it was [his] temper to avoid a crowd and to attach [himself] fervently to a few† (pg. 22). This trait is indicative of his emerging superiority that is further showcased in his college d ays. Privileged as he is, Victor is met with the perfect combination of instructors – one that mocks him and dismisses his prior studies as â€Å"a thousand years old and as musty as they are ancient† (pg 31) and one who encourages him and subsequently causes a sort of enchantment that leads to Victor’s complete interest and involvement in the subject of chemistry and natural philosophies. Victor’s eagerness to learn is rewarded by his teachers and also by the success he achieves with his personal projects outside of the classroom, thus causing him to seek greater achievements. His immense education inspires him to test the laws of nature, which he does for the betterment of mankind as a whole. Because of his happy beginnings and his fulfilling education, Victor acts with good – if somewhat selfish at times – intentions. Victor is intelligent enough to create life from lifeless matter, yet not intelligent enough to provide or even allow a possible education for his creation. His good intentions are overcome by his selfish desires the moment he faces the being he works so long to create; dreams of scientific advancement and the betterment of mankind disintegrate with the absolute

Experience, Formal Training And Internship - 1817 Words

I will demonstrate that the knowledge I have obtained through life experience, formal training and internship has equipped me to meet the course objectives listed for MBTS class U-CE405: Making Disciples CCC. In my early twenties, after a yearlong process of reading my Bible, I became a born again Christian. What followed was a tremendous journey filled with unbelief, discouragement and culminating finally with true faith. A year later the Lord called me into full time ministry, so in the fall of I995 I enrolled at Baptist Bible College in Springfield, MO. During my time at BBC, I not only learned of the deficiencies of most people’s view of discipleship, but I began a long journey in realizing my own. Over the course of 20 years many great men have met me â€Å"at the fork in the road† moments in the quest for biblical discipleship. Men such as Dr. Arthur Escobar taught me to love Jesus and the Bible, Dr. Steve Schrader taught me that even great Hebrew scholars wi ll put everything aside to mentor young men and Brother Doug Shivers taught me that sound theology matters. Perhaps most importantly it was what Jesus said that made the most impact, â€Å"Go and make disciples of all the nations and teach them to observe all that I have commanded.† Observe/obey what Jesus commanded--this is the operative word. Obey Jesus, put in the simplest of ways means to â€Å"follow me†. As outlined in the four course objectives I will show that my life experiences indeed meet the courseShow MoreRelatedBenefits Of A New Internship Program Essay1171 Words   |  5 Pagesutilize the web for everything, including internship searches. With that being said, we plan to increase our presence on top tier universities’ recruiting websites. 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Free Human Resources Literature Review Free Essays

1. LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Human Resource Management In a rapid competitive business environment, the procedures of outlining the role, function and process of Human Resource Management (HRM) within a dynamic and uncertain environment are ongoing for many decades. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Human Resources Literature Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the early 1980s numerous books and articles were published by American Business Schools professors to support the widely recognition of HRM concept, and the environmental volatility in today’s contemporary business that specifically identify conflict and heterogeneity (Soderlund and Bredin, 2005). Due to its diverse origins and many influences, HRM covers essential aspects of central concern in organisations such as individual, practice, educational theory, social and organisational psychology, sociology, industrial relations, and organisational theory (Soderlund and Bredin, 2005).. To date there is no widely acceptable definition for HRM and what it entirely involves in our daily business world (Brewster and Larsen, 2000). Fewer satisfactory definitions have been propounded by different writer such as (Soderlund and Bredin, 2005), whom perceived HRM as 1) an ‘executive personnel responsibility’, that mainly concern with management activities; 2) classified HRM as management philosophy that concerns with people treatment and, finally 3) discerned HRM as interaction management between the firm and its people. Due the conflicting theoretical conception and hypothetical disagreement about the general acceptance of the definition, Price (2007) definition would be used to in this literature because it better explained and cover huge areas of the study. According to Price (2007): â€Å"A philosophy of people management based on the belief that human resources are uniquely important to sustained business success. An organization gains competitive advantage by using its people effectively, drawing on their expertise and ingenuity to meet clearly defined objectives. Human resource management is aimed at recruiting capable, flexible and committed people, managing and rewarding their performance and developing key competencies†. The dynamic and uncertainty in HR contemporary organisations are tremendously moving towards a radical dimension (Analoui, 2007). Recent debate by many researchers have laid more emphasis about matching and incorporating the HR-department with other strategic functioning departments within organisation (Soderlund and Bredin, (2005); Analoui, (2007); Price, (2007). 1.2 HR IN A CONTEMPORARY ORGANISATION HR is essentially crucial in today’s contemporary organisations because it induce high-performance management through the use of employees; by enhancing their levels of customer’s service, productivity, growth, profits and quality control (Armstrong, 2000). Lado and Wilson (1994, p 701) outlined a separate interconnected activities, roles, processes and other aspects that are aimed to attracting, maintaining, and developing the firm HR activities in contemporary organisations, such as: 1) planning; 2) recruitment and selection 3) training; 4) performance management; 5) benefits and rewards; 6) compensation; 7) and 8) career development (Banhegyi et al., (2008) and (Robbins Coulter, (2002). 1.2.1 Planning Planning in Human Resource has been discussed in different HRM contexts for many years (Wren, 1994). HR planning was initially an important aspect of job analyses and was often used as bases for determining strengths and weaknesses among the employees and to develop the skills and competences they needed (Gallagher, 2000). As individual career plans started to gain more popularity, companies gradually started to pay more attention to the certain skills and competences among individual employees as a way of aligning and dealing with the companies’ succession planning (Kuratko and Morris (2002). As this aspect been scrutinised rigorously by many researchers, HR planning is still a complicating and complex issue of debate within the HR practices (Schuler, 1986). In 1978, McBeath addressed his view of HR planning by highlighting a set of issues that he regarded as being important with respect to the HR planning. These were; An estimation of how many people the organization needed for the future A determination of what ability, skills, and knowledge requires to compete An evaluation of employees ability, skills and existing knowledge A determination of how the company could fill the identified competence gaps Storey (1995) argues that HR planning today is a very important task of every contemporary organization’s HR department. According to him, HR planning mainly involves the identification of skills and competence within the organization, the filling of identified competence gaps, and the facilitation of movements of employees within the organisation. An essential part of the HR planning is the succession planning which aims to ensure the supply of individuals and filling of gaps on senior key positions when they become vacant and replenish competences to areas where they are most valued (Wolfe, 1996). 1.2.2 Recruitment and selection In organization the system that responsible for placing diversifies talents throughout is refers to as recruitment and selection processes. The process of recruitment and selection is an ethical approach by a firm to seek and attract the most competent and suitable applicant for a vacant position (Analoui, 2007). Price (2007) inferred that recruitment strategies can be divided in three significant approaches: suitability – the most qualified applicant for the position, malleability – moulded within the cultural norms, and flexibility – the most reliable and versatility employee. These factors are quite complicating and can be easily mistaken during the process of hiring employees. Suitability is a critical aspect hence it mainly concerned with the process of hiring the most suitable applicant for the position. The process of selecting and retaining potential employees is the greatest organisational competitive battle in modern days (Pfeffer, 1994). Having the greatest talent simply implies that the firm will be able to compete aggressively in the market. This phenomenon are quit prevalent in our daily business life and has also pushes organisations to gain a niche by employing the most renowned managers to lead the thriving future. 1.2.2.1 Channels of Recruitment Russo et al., (1995) cascaded channels of recruitment into external and internal recruitment, and formal and informal channels. Internal recruitment channels mainly involve the use of intercommunication between other strategic areas of the organisation and the entire HR department. This approach enhances the firm to prioritise and target in-house or current employees (Russo et al., 1995; Analoui, 2007). Internal recruitment can be fully considered when it is fair and transparent, since favouritism might occur; while external channel of recruitment base on the contrary. 1.2.3 Training In today’s contemporary organisation, employees ‘skills and knowledge can make a positive impact on the firm‘s productivity (Guzzo, Jette Katzell, 1985). Organisations have to counter some difficulties while training a single or more employees (Ostroff Kozlowski, 1992). Previous literatures argue the affordability of some organisations that deprive themselves for a single individual employee particularly when human resources are limited: this can hinder the productivity on the short term and destabilize the organization (Bishop, 2003). He continues to stress that such perception about training implies that organisation should embark on a cost reduction strategies and focuses on in-house or on-job-training (OJT). Formal training is just one of the possibilities for organisations to enhance the personnel performance level, as important roles are covered also by organizational socialization (Chao, 1997) and multitasking (May, 1997). It was suggested in the early 1990s that organisational socialisation is a fine process for newcomers to source out information’s about the organisation, learn about the necessary tasks and how to perform their responsibility; clarifying their roles and relate with others inside the organisation (Ostroff Kozlowski, 1992). This philosophy was also supported by Rollag Cardon (2003) as they indicated that the process of socialisation within a firm enhance newcomer to incorporate and learn in a well conducive atmosphere. 1.2.4 Performance Management The concept of measuring performance or managing performance within organisations is to strategize how firms can get the utmost benefits from their employees (Dransfield, 2000). The approach to measuring performance can be classified as a three-step approach that composed by objectives, appraisal and feedback. The first step is the setting of performance objectives that are quantifiable, easy to measure and simple to communicate throughout the organisation (Dransfield, 2000). After that, the process of performance appraisal should take place (Bredin, 2008). The management of performance includes design of work systems, facilitation of knowledge utilisation, sharing and creation, and appraisal and reward systems (Cardon Stevens, 2004). However, this phenomenon has been supported by different researchers claiming that performance management/appraisal is an outstanding process to determine and supervise employees output within the firm, so as it would be less complicating to assess and achieve maximum performance (Zhu Dowling, 1997). It is an excruciating process to implement and evaluate a systemic approach that can accurately pinpoint employee who is responsible for results within an organisation (McKenna Beech, 2008). However, outcomes of individual behaviours such as job satisfaction, employee turnover, absenteeism (Dyer and Reeves, 1995); motivation and commitment (Seibert, Silver, Randolph, 2004), are proximal hence human resource processes are interconnected. In as much that the human resource practices are intended to achieve result in this area; there effect can also have a tremendous influence on the aforementioned outcomes (Bloom, 1999). 1.2.5 Benefits and rewards Eliciting high contributions within an organisational environment is highly essential for the firm as well as the employees (Appleby and Mavin, 2000). For instance, expectancy theories have explicated aspects of anticipated rewards in line with employee’s motivations. This indicated that every employee will have to face with a logical decision in accordance to the present economical circumstance (Tannenbaum and Dupuree-Bruno, 1994). As a result to that employee considerable effort will manifests into an intended realisations and fulfillment of a specific desire outcome. Such manifestation enhances the explanation of the crucial aspect of organisational reward system and how it can be sustain and elicit the firm human capital investment Tannenbaum and Dupuree-Bruno (1994). The conceptions of both internal and external rewards are highly valued by organisations and its employees. Not only the obvious fact that employees yearns more about promotional opportunities, higher pay or better benefits, but also their desires and anguish spins from autonomy, personal growth and valued responsibility. Different authors have suggested the positive relationship, size and the implementation of innovative ideas in human resource practice as a result to economic of scale (Baldridge and Brunham, (1975) and Moch and Morse, (1977). This conception has locus the local firms at greater disadvantage in-terms of retaining or recruiting top-notch talent (Tannenbaum and Dupuree-Bruno, 1994). Figure 2: model for reward management Source: Bratton Gold, 2003, p.282 1.2.6 Compensation According to Patel Cardon (2010) compensation is vital for contemporary organisation as it contributes to attract and retain high skilled workers with superior salaries, and it encourages a desired stakeholder behavior regarding recognition and legitimacy. Minbaeva et al. (2003) inferred that compensation would enhance motivation among personnel too. Even though non-financial compensation can really work as a positive stimulus for the workers, providing monetary benefits is necessary to increase the productivity of the employees on the individual or group level (Gomez-Meja, 1992). Balkin and Swift (2006) suggest a more flexible approach toward the payment issue. They proposed to relate it to the life stage of the organisation with a higher rate of non-monetary benefits during the first years of activity, and a re-equilibration whenever the company enters the mature stage. Non-monetary paybacks are represented by stock options, stocks or other form of equity sharing that enhance the participation and the motivation of employees, while spreading the risks over a larger number of people (Graham et al., 2002). The aforementioned ownership sharing represents also a long-term planning for compensation, as Graham et Al. (2002) stated, but also short-term rewards exist. These are represented by profit sharing policies aiming to encourage the employees toward group work, or to control the organizational outcomes (Heneman Tansky, 2002). 1.2.7 Career development (CD) Many practitioners and scholars within human resource development (HRD) field have claimed that the utmost crucial aspect of the practices is career development (McLagan, 1989; Weinberger, 1998; Swanson Holton, 2001). However, this area of studies has been given little attention (Upton, Egan Lynham, 2003). With the intense competition in the 21 century, many organisations have realised that in order for them to stay competition they have to improve their employees and enhance their career development (Boudreaux, 2001); rather than individual career development (Swanson Holton, Upton, Egan Lynham, 2003). Therefore, many organisations are now taking a proactive measures towards equipping their staffs and educationally (Leana, 2002) or create a climate that supports their staffs at all levels of the organisation to be more resultant and productive (Sullivan, 1999); which Boudreaux, (2001); Brown, (1997) referred to as ‘‘shared responsibility’’. However, learning within an organisation is quite critical and expensive; (McDonald, Hite Gilbreath, 2002). The most common learning methods within organisations are informal (i.e. on-the-job coaching, sessions, lesson learned, development assignment) Power, Hubschman, Doran, (2001) and formal learning (i.e. as traini ng/workshop and other forms of professional training conducted by professional bodies internally or externally (McDonald, Hite Gilbreath, 2002). 1.3The importance of HR in organisation The sole aim of HRM is to guarantee that the firm human capitals are being used in the fullest capability to produces the greatest organisation results that meets with the firm needs Nadeem Moiden, (2003) and Gilley and Gilley, (2007). Therefore, the philosophy of empowering employee’s capabilities is coined to the conception that HR is extremely crucial for sustainable competitive advantage and organisational success (Koch McGrath, 2003). HR in organisation is also crucial because its assist managers and employees through a change process (Hendry, Jones, Arthur Pettigrew, 1991). Businesses can gain enormous competitive advantages when their employees are used effectively to drawing on their expertise and ingenuity to meet clearly defined objectives. When organisation recruit the most effective, capable, committed and flexible people; and managed and reward them accordingly their performances, competencies and efficiency would help the firm productivity immensely (Price A., 2007). Managers that tactfully execute organisational goals depend on the HR practices to deliver excellences so that they can achieve the utmost business performance (Becker, B. and Gerhart, B., 1996). However, the HRM field has been isolated and misunderstood by many researchers and practitioner, failing to realise that without employees there would be no functioning organisation Argote, McEvily and Reagans (2003). As employees remain the most expensive and reliable asset of the organisation, the practices of HR will remain a vital area of discussion (Becker, B. and Gerhart, B., 1996). 1.3.1 Advantages and disadvantages of HR As many other departments within an organisation encounter, challenges are inevitable and are present in our daily business lives. There are three main disadvantages, or some may refers to a challenges facing HR, namely: 1.Managers â€Å"need to support corporate productivity and performance improvement efforts† (Dessler, 2008, p 87). 2.â€Å"Employees play an expanded role in employers’ performance improvement efforts† (Dessler, 2008, p 87). All the basics contents associated with high-performance organisation, such as high-technology team-based production, are rather futile without high levels of employee competence and commitment. 3.The challenge, derived from the first two, is that â€Å"employers see that their human resource units must be more involved in designing – not just executing – the company’s strategic plan† (Dessler, 2008, p 87). 1.4 Strategic HR roles in dynamic and uncertainty environments Strategic HRM (SHRM) roles consist of strategies executions and formulations. The strategies execution has been the predominant aspect of the SHRM’s strategic job. Strategies formulators always set and margin their formulations in line with the corporate and competitive strategies and aligned the firm policies and practices towards their strategic formulations (Dessler, 2008). In recent years, there has been a trend shift and researchers have now identified SHRM to take an active role with the top managers in the firm to formulate the company’s strategic plans. The gliding competitive environment due to a globalized economy has lead to that many employers are pursuing improved performance by improvement of commitment and competence level of their employees. Dessler, (2008) outlined four strategic tools that could be used to enhances employees abilities and proficiencies, such as employees satisfaction, loyalty, motivation and satisfactions. 1.4.1 Employee satisfaction Employee satisfaction is the individual satisfaction as a professional person, that is, the individual has an effect on his attitude. Organization member to its operating characteristic is the cognitive evaluation, employees get through the more realistic values and expectations of the gap between the value obtained after the meeting whether or not all aspects of work attitudes and emotional responses. It involves the work of the degree of organizational commitment and work motivation is closely related (Saari, L. M., Judge, T. A., 2004). Superior-subordinate communication is an important influence on job satisfaction in the workplace, in which the way a subordinate perceives a supervisor‘s behavior can positively or negatively influence job satisfaction. Nonverbal messages play a central role in interpersonal interactions with respect to impression formation, deception, attraction, social influence, and emotional expression (Burgoon, Buller, Woodall, 1996). 1.4.2 Employee loyalty Employee engagement is personified by the passion and energy employees have to give of their best to the organization to serve the customer. Engagement is characterized by employees being committed to the organization, believing in what it stands for and being prepared to go above and beyond what is expected of them to deliver outstanding service to the customer. Engaged employees feel inspired by their work, they are customer focused in their approach; they care about the future of the company and are prepared to invest their own effort to see that the organization succeeds (Cook, 2008). Engagement can be summed up by how positively the employee: Thinks about the organization; feels about the organization; proactive in relation to achieving organizational goals for customers, colleagues and other stakeholders. Employee loyalty can be divided into active and passive loyalty. The former refers to the subjective staff loyal to the company with the desire (Cook, 2008). This desire is often due to a high degree of organization and employee goals and now there are consistent with organizational help for employees‘ self-development and self-realization factors. Passive loyalty is when the employees themselves do not wish to remain in the organization, but due to some constraints, such as high wages and welfare, transportation, etc., have to stay in the organization. Once these conditions disappear, the staff can no longer feel organizational loyalty (Cook, 2008). The basic elements of enterprise employees, their enthusiasm on behalf of corporate morale, awareness of their work reflected in the subtle strength of enterprises (Pepitone and Bruce, 1998). 1.4.2.1 Wages and benefits systems Salaries and benefits in the eyes of employees affect their loyalty is one of the important factors. â€Å"Money is not the most important, but no doubt a very important†, whether corporate or professional loyalty, loyalty is established on the basis of material, good pay system to ensure the basic material needs of the employees, will have good professional loyalty, and corporate loyalty (Cook, 2008). 1.4.2.2 Enterprise human resource management system As indicated above human resource management is compulsory for each company and one of the most important courses; how to send staff to the right on the job, motivate employees, training and study staff, will be affected to some extent, staff loyalty. In the development of the unscientific, resulting in unfair business, become a mere formality, which often occurs. Negative phenomena that affect the performance of their staff, or even result in employees slack, complain more, rumors filled the air, to lose morale. Figure 3 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Source: Maslow, (1943) 1.4.2.3 Retaining top employees Excellent staff should have: First, high loyalty, company loyalty by recognizing the company’s values, to share weal and woe, and common development; second, right attitude, initiative, and study to make improvements, work hard and willing to do, know that they are doing, those things that do and should not do, great development potential; Third, professional ability, can work independently, with skill, and can continue to improve (McKeown, 2002). The roles of great employees are being productive and increased passion for and commitment to the organization‘s vision, strategy and goals (Cook, 2008, p.31-32). 1.4.3 Employee Motivation Motivating employees was highlighted as an indispensable part of HRM in many studies (e.g. Pinnington and Edwards, 2000; Dessler, 1997; Stone, 2005). Pinnignton and Edwards (2000) divided motivational incentives into two parts: motivating individuals and motivating groups. The former one pays the attention on individual needs and the later one highlight the equity principia. Some incentives played big roles in motivational process, for instance, the good communication between organization and employees (e.g. Ivancevich, Konopaske and Matteson, 2008; Stone, 2005; Dessler, 1997), High Job satisfaction (e.g. Lambert, Hogan and Barton, 2001; Wright and Bonett, 2007), Good Payment and treatment (Carpenter and Sanders, 2004) and so on. Meanwhile, relating to the interesting issue on employee turnover often happened in the company, job satisfaction is one kind of factor that influences the turnover intent of employees. Lambert, Hogan and Barton (2001) pointed out that job satisfaction is a key mediating variable between the work environment and turnover intent, and suggested that managers take the focus on the work environment to improve employee’s job satisfaction, and ultimately lower turnover intent. Carpenter and Sanders (2004) opined that the investment in TMT (Top Management Team) could be way for attracting and retain talent for organization. Thus , it is required, and should be considered into the HRM process too. 1.4.4 Employee satisfaction Employee satisfaction is mainly concern with the satisfactions that derived from the individual as a professional person. One common research finding is that job satisfaction is correlated with life satisfaction (Rain, et al, 1991). This correlation is reciprocal, meaning people who are satisfied with their lives tend to be satisfied with their jobs vice visa. However, some research have argued this concept that that job satisfaction is not significantly related to life satisfaction because of their variable such as nonworking satisfaction and core self-evaluations are taken into account (Rode, J. C. 2004). Organization member to its operating characteristic is the cognitive evaluation. Employees get through the more realistic values and expectations of the gap between the values obtained after the meeting whether or not all aspects of work attitudes are emotional responses. This consists of the extent of firm involvement and related motivational activities (Saari, L. M., Judge, T. A., 2004). Burgoon, Buller, Woodall, (1996) one of the most suitable means of influencing employees satisfaction is the manners at which superior relate and communicate with subordinators. The meshing and mashing of interpersonal relationships between the two distinctive groups or status plays a significant roles in terms of respect, attractions, formative impression or emotional expression, deceptions and social influences (Burgoon, Buller, Woodall, 1996). Weiss and Cropanzano, (1996) inferred that such immediacy and friendliness will cumulate the essential elements of job satisfaction (Weiss and Cropanzano, 1996). The way employee’s feels and thought that their jobs being appreciated are very much essential in terms of employees job satisfactions (Organ, D. W., Ryan, K., 1995); turnover (Saari Judge, 2004); and absenteeism (Wegge, et al, 2007). Job satisfactions ultimately looks at the general aspects of satisfactions employees gained from their work in entirety (Mount Johnson, 2006). How to cite Free Human Resources Literature Review, Essay examples

Get Sample Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil

Question: Describe about the Production Of Biodiesel From Waste Vegetable Oil? Answer: Executive Summary With the change in the technology and the excessive use of resources have successfully helped people in implementing some special techniques which could efficiently lead to the better environment. For the pollution and wastes which is collected can be easily reused with the help implementing (Alhassan et al., 2014) special properties of the product by itself. To renew the product, there has been an assessment which leads to usage of sulphuric acid as well as transesterfications. These process are able to compare and build in the better product leading to an acceptable consumption of food at a low cost. The process to invest is helpful as the fuel can be used by the usage of the feedstocks which could products oils at a lower cost, preferably. The idea of using the biodiesel product is efficient in the long run than the normal fuel. The product is environmental friendly along with saving the resources from being depleted. This product is completely able to solve the problem of energy consumption too. The detailed business case seeks approval formally to invest $600,000 million in 2011/20 to combine all the budgeting plan which would be able to reach to a better expectation in leading out to factors which would enhance the following: One can get a desired collection of details of the same with the perfect testing quality. Comparing the data would enhance the productivity factor with the energy saving and efficient outcomes. The decision mainly focus on the infrequent and the commitment to the resources which would lead to certainty and better designs and decisions. There is a difficulty in orgs which is there because the data is less. These biodiesel are mainly for contribution for development leading to sectors of carbon mobile which target about 10% with the time in 2020. The supply and the renewable resources are for mainly keeps the diversification in the feedstock which is able to decrement policies like transport, waste etc. The table below clearly identify the options which are available and can lead to different approaches. The need to maintain and increase the manufacturing which would have an incentive to lead for auto and fuel. According to the infrastructure which is focused, there is a requirement for up gradation of the services which would be owned and operated according to the different process.as per the results, on can claim: There is an evidence which will have an outlook to the representative and available heuristics. The biasing and confidence to suggest for looking over to the outcomes generally in the work (Pukale et al., 2014) where SME innovations related to sustainable development along with a support to all the decisions and tools. The overall amount which is spend maybe more in compare to the fuels, but the biodiesel products are always helpful in maintain the quality of environment as well as the aura. There is always an optimisation of the product which supports in transformations leading to meeting the needs, facing the options, flexible enough to build a proper case. 1. Problem With the biodiesel, it is said that there are different types of chemicals. The requirement of the different product along with improving the quality at home is only possible when all the waste vegetable oil can be used in maintaining the cost and make the environment eco-friendly. 1.1 Background Biodiesel is one of the products which is able to maintain all the environmental quality where it is able to produce best products from the vegetable oil waste. There are sources which are able to remove all the impurities from the oil. As per the products which are developed, the main benefit comes out that this product of biodiesel is very helpful in the long run as people are able to manage the resources (Li et al., 2014) and using them wisely. The government has completely supported for this where one is able to track all the services, mainly funding to the distribution of all the products at the different levels. The stakeholders are trying to manage the services where they can efficiently resolve the issue of pollution and waste of the product. There are NREL stakeholders which try to be expertise in the form of their work of transportation where there is a development and implementation of the easy gadgets along with providing free access to the data. 1.2 Definition of the problem The continuous use of excessive resources has led to the depletion of the layers. Hence to set up a better business, biodiesels are the best alternatives which can bring a change in the product quality and try to renew all the feedstock, producing all the efficient oil mainly free from the acids, developing the process which would maintain the environment. According to the analysis of Life Cycle, it indicated that the production of biodiesels and biodiesel is completely going to eradicate all the problems of depletion in the long run. The problem is ongoing but with continuous efforts is can elevate down to an immediate transition of negativity. 1.3 Evidence of the Problem With the growing forecasting range, there is a continuous pressure of growing a concern of pollution which is generally from the industries. It is required to keep an approach where the vehicles have to be kept safe and the investment should be to manage all the engines which try to automatically run and detect the fuel which is being injected in the engines. The cars are able to manage the expense which lead to the changes and the adjustments in the mirrors where the dependence is to combine all the notifications for public transportation. As an example, it is said that one should not try to burn the purest form of the biodiesel as it will cause chunks and problem leading to an additive mixture in the amount where the solvents will not be able to maintain the efficiency of the heater. 1.4 Timing Considerations It is important to take care of the product and the changes which are likely going to affect the production. There is a need to maintain the global changes as per the effects, leading to the preferential limits depending upon the following logistics: There is a low impact on the harvestation which is mainly to equip and handle the infrastructure which would be able to pre-process the system. The labours are trained enough to store the bins and the tracks for the usage of all the waste products. The product is seasonal, hence it is needed to be stored at the edge of the field of farmers which is under their maintenance. The ethanol production will have no more impact or time for other crops as the water quality and quantity are sufficient for controlling the system. The development is mainly on the production steps which consider that the biomass should be optimised and required to be considered according to the erosion which is there in the land. 1.5 Consideration of broader text There are many opportunities as the waste oil would help in production the biodiesel. The fact is mainly that it is more economical and renewable which is able to grow and maintain the crops which is able to feed and maintain all the balance in the environment. A lot of farmers are able to get a big support from this as most of the dependency is on the usage of renewable resources. Biodiesels are the best alternatives which are for storing the natural gases and the propane to inject into the system, trying to undergo and produce electricity for a better life. 2. Benefits There are many benefits of the biodiesel as it helps in reacting properly with the vegetable oil and try to extract the best product out of it. Some of them are as below: There is a complete acquirement of the diesel in the engine which of the most pure form. The petrol is consumed at a higher cost but it is more eco-friendly and try to be less costly in the long run for the people. It helps to burn and helpful for the household activities with less of pollution and more of beneficiary effects on the health as well. (Mohammadshirazi, et al., 2014). The presence of it reduced the existence of the particulate matter which is common, thereby, saving the quality of water from being degraded. The purest form of it comes from the soya and the oil which is rape seed, try to bring the best type of amount for the diesel and engine. 2.1 Benefits to be delivered Depending upon the social, economic impact, one can say that there is a preferential rise in the amount which is being able to provide with the best alternative renewable resources of energy. The main feature that it can be reused makes it different from all the products and the organic matter is efficient enough to grow crops in it. The dependence on the crude oil will be driving apart as there is a (Ahmad et al., 2014) pull towards the rise in the gas stations as well as improvement in the fuel system. This automatically benefits in the long run as people try to opt for biodiesel products rather than any other. 2.2 Importance of the Benefits to be delivered As per the conventional supply, there are many other fuels which are made from the cow dung and other biomass products which have the potential to save the world from the combustion problems. There is a need to import the energy with less consequences of the same on the energy which is being supplied. The greenhouse gases which bring out the total output are producing extensive problem and lead to starvation to an extent. The oil which is a waste can be used in many sources mainly domestic, commercialised areas or the industrial areas which will completely bring a stream of the better disposable, helping to block the pipes, mainly when the oil has been solidified. 2.3 Evidence of Benefits Delivery The use of the oil reduces the production of the biodiesel cost to about 60% which is much more than the expected. There is a need to maintain the balance for the usage of the feedstock which would be used at workable places leading to easy commercialisation. The main delivery benefit comes when the oil which is passed through the sewage system deplete the layer. The treatments of the same pollutes and cost a lot of problem. But its usage can help in bringing a better change in the expense, (Muralidharan, 2014) protecting the land and production of food. The biomass, bioenergy and the carbon cycle are the main products which add to the benefits and bring a lot of change in the environmental quality. 2.4 Interdependencies The main dependency is on biodiesel and it is considered to use the oil or the other animal fat to produce the renewable resources of energy through the process of transesterification. It has been made from the different products and recycled through the modernisation with the change in viscosity. The (Osawa et al., 2014) conversion is in the way which is mainly important through either dilution, emulsification through the micro products, pyrolysis, and the transesterfication method. This lead to the higher rise in the development of agricultural products which would modify and invent the renewable fuels. 3. Strategic Response To respond to the farmers, which are mainly composed in four divisions, namely, agronomy, energy, grain and the feed/livestock. The factors which are direct lead to the effect on the habitat and quality of life. The product has to be considered mainly comprising conversion of feedstock and better transportation. The balance with the use and the production of land and the different biodiesel system comes from the largest impact of harvestation. To be devoid of the demand which mainly depend on the biofuels and the ethanol, there is a trend that the policy (Martinez-Guerra Gude, 2014) and the subsidies are favourable enough to change the potential of demand. It mainly depends on the economy for a precise servicing. The strength and the opportunities come when ethanol is able to make the products cheaper with the better commercialised products. 3.1 Method Criteria The methods to produce the biodiesel from the vegetable oil is through assessment through SWOT analysis. The criteria to meet up the demands and focus on the decisions which will be able to figure how (Mahesh et al., 2014) the product has to be distilled and a by-product is formed which can grow and have better feed stocks for the production. There will be an increment in the uncertainties. Some of the determination is as follows: 3.2 Strategic Options Analysis 3.2.1 Strategic Interventions There are certain to make response which is able to highlight the certainty, thereby, targeting the market to rise and understand the basic which could lead in excel of the organisation. The analysis through the life (Maddikeri et al., 2014) cycle mainly concerns to the metric of the emissions which are mainly done through the usage of matter, energy or the water. Describe and provide evidence or reasoning as to why these interventions might have an impact. Strategic Interventions Intervention 1 There is a problem related to the licence of the biofuels which are registered under SARS Intervention 2 There is a process where the petroleum products are taken off-shore Intervention 3 High discounts lead to decrement in Fuel Price, hence use biofuels. Intervention 4 The support is from the agriculture programmes. Intervention 5 Capacity to build and Develop Intervention 6 The agencies of the Government are responsible for the same. 3.2.2. Strategic Options Strategic Interventions Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Intervention 1 For fuel levy exemption Check the penetration level Qualify the producers for meeting environmental impact Environmental Impact Assessment Crop selection, feedstock availability Meeting environmental standards Intervention 2 Less costs and logistics Directly to customers Close to biofuel plants 5% biofuel, 10% fuel ethanol Basic fuel price rates for better quality Petroleum product licencing. Intervention 3 Fuel levy exemption Refund limitations by biofuel tax Higher production by 20% Participation of small investors Oil refinery and administrative procedures Allow administrative fairness Intervention 4 Value additive Crop selection Better agriculture farms Contracts with biofuel manufacturers infrastructure Research and development Intervention 5 Communities Transformation Sector Education Training Authorities Development Sustainable job Entrepreneurship Intervention 6 State Owned Agencies Development Corporation Financial corporation Fuel supply contract Shareholder department benefit Agricultural achievements. Table X: Strategic options 3.2.3. Ranking of Strategic Options Strategic options Option 1 Option 2 Option 3 Option 4 Option 5 Option 6 Benefits Percentage of full benefit to be delivered 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% Benefit 1 % 4 33 3 4 3 1 Benefit 2 % 2 2 2 2 3 1 Benefit 3 % 3 3 3 4 3 1 Cost Estimated capital investment cost (Range) $5 mil - $8 mil $6 mil - $9 mil $3 mil - $5 mil $4 mil - $7 mil $1 mil - $5 mil $4 mil - $9 mil Estimated operational costs (Range) $3 mil - $5 mil pa $1 mil - $5 mil pa $3 mil - $5 mil pa $22 mil - $23 mil pa $5 mil - $10 mil pa $11 mil - $15 mil pa Time (Range) 15-23 45-47 23-25 34-45 34-45 12-23 Risks Risk 1(in %) 10 23 12 23 54 34 Risk 2(in %) 3 5 12 12 3 13 Dis-benefits Dis-benefit 1 3 3 1 5 2 9 Dis-benefit 2 16 12 34 5 1 12 Ranking 1-3 1 2 2 1 3 1 Table X: Evaluation of strategic options 3.2.4 Recommended Strategic Option The strategy is to mainly highlight how the efficiency be increase with the usage of different resources. There are many different products which can be used to improve the overall usage of the product. The production (Haigh et al., 2014) of biodiesel helps in primarily brining out a change which could evaluate and mark changes on the SWOT analysis of a product. 4. Project Option Analysis The project has been defined under the best way to reduce the losses due to wastage of resources. The project has been analysed, keeping in mind that it is important to keep an adequate usage of the resources which will help in bringing a stabilisation to the emissions. The vegetable oil which (Martinez et al., 2014) is used can be processed further to bring out the best renewable source of energy. People should come forward and use biofuels like biomass etc., which would bring a change in the quality of the environment with less pollution. The particulate matter which comes from it is mainly for reducing the emissions and bringing a change in the products. 4.1 Project Options Considered The marginal outcome which is able to maintain the property of nitrogen fixation is possible, thereby, the pieces of the petroleum products are feasible to bring a development in the technology. (Alptekin et al., 2014). The conditions, mainly depending upon the technology are for accepting the modulations which are modified and converted into a better performance of the system. 4.2 Stakeholder Identification Consideration The stakeholder need to emphasise mainly on the adaptability of the policies which are able to apply and bring in the practicality for the better (Cirriminna et al., 2014) quality of the product. There are customers who have to meet the designing of the policies and the factor for the analysis. 4.3 Social Impact The farms are mainly to reduce their dependence on mainly crude oil which is the most depleting layer. The step towards the good engine as well as lubricant to a large experience leading to less pollution quality, fleets into the existence. 4.4 Economic Impact The process to invest is helpful as the fuel can be used by the usage of the feedstocks which could products oils at a lower cost, preferably. The idea of using the biodiesel product is efficient in the long (Lai, 2014) run than the normal fuel. The product is environmental friendly along with saving the resources from being depleted. This product is completely able to solve the problem of energy consumption too. 4.5 Environmental Impact There is a difficulty in orgs which is there because the data is less. These biodiesel are mainly for contribution for development leading to sectors of carbon mobile which target about 10% with the time in 2020. The supply (Hassani et al., 2014) and the renewable resources are for mainly keeps the diversification in the feedstock which is able to decrement policies like transport, waste etc. 4.6 Overall Evaluation of environmental Economic Impact The need to keep up associate degreed increase the producing which might have an incentive to steer for car and fuel. Consistent with the infrastructure that is targeted, there's a demand for up gradation of the services which might be in hand and operated consistent with the various method.as per the results, on will claim that there is associate degree proof which is able to have associate (Talkit Mahajan, 2014) degree outlook to the representative and obtainable heuristics. The biasing and confidence to counsel for wanting over to the outcomes usually within the work wherever SME innovations associated with property development at the side of a support to any or all the selections and tools. 4.7 Cost Benefit Analysis The cost depends on the source which is able to maintain the cost of the oil as well as producing the best products which can be used in different places. The conversion of cost to biodiesel has been the most expensive in the short run but it is very good in the long run as it is conventional to meet the demands and the nature of the process which is depending upon the biodiesel production. 4.8 Financial Analysis In distinction to monetary analysis, social analysis reveals that biodiesel production from rosid dicot genus. This points out that monetary analysis results might not give a sound basis for public policy, (Escobar et al., 2014) notably once there are distortions within the market. Biodiesel additionally has the potential to get important rural employment and to scale back gas emissions. If biodiesel production to satisfy the 2 hundredth mixing target is restricted to wild, food production in Asian country won't be affected. 4.9 Risk Comparison 4.10 Integrated Analysis Options Ranking Table xx: Presenting the results of the options analysis Project option 1: Do Nothing Project option 2: Project option 3: Project option 4: Project option 5: Analysis Period (years) 3 2 6 2 7 Capital Costs ($m) 23 45 12 56 33 Output Costs ($m) 43 62 75 13 16 Cost-Benefit Analysis (of monetary costs and benefits discounted at the appropriate Discount Rate) Present Value of Benefits ($m) 25 12 58 55 88 Present Value of Costs ($m) 45 26 16 37 36 Benefit Cost Ratio 45 23 12 67 23 Net Present Value ($m) 45 233 34 23 12 Other important considerations (see the examples provided) Intangible costs / benefits (e.g.small, med., large) Small Large medium large medium Distributional impacts (e.g.small, med., large) medium Small small medium Small Preferred option 4.11Testing the Robustness 5. Deliverability of the Recommended Solution The above details depicts that the usage of biodiesel can be made in many ways with the help of using the waste vegetable oil. People can be able to live freely in a pollution free environment where they have the best resources and supply. There is a need to maintain the resources for the upcoming generations so that the depletion does not end the life and the environmental quality. 5.1 Details of recommended solution The best advantages are as below: 5.2 Commercial Financial The restoration of the biofuels will have the credits at the federal and the state level. There is an assurance of the availability of the support on the basis of finance and the guarantee to loan. The process for scaling up and better plantation can lead to a more robust agreement. There is a captive flee for the vehicles which are run on the fossil fuels and the subsidies are less that the carbon material. 5.2.1 Procurement If an automotive has been left standing for a protracted time with crude fuel within the tank which could have rusted (water content may be a common drawback with petro-diesel fuel). Biodiesel can unencumber the rust, and it may clog the particle filter within the tank. At the worst, the car merely stops, starved of fuel. 5.2.2 Risk Assessment management A common warning is that biodiesel, particularly 100% biodiesel, can rot any natural or radical rubber components within the equipment, whether or not fuel lines or widget pump seals, and people they need to first get replaced with resistant components fabricated from Vinton. However rubber components in internal-combustion engine fuel systems are rare or non-existent since the first Eighties -- it rarely happens, and when it will happen it is not ruinous, you have got lots of warning and it's simply fastened. 5.2.3 Detailed Costing Economic Evaluation Element Estimate Table reference Base cost estimate $241m (Table 2) Base risk allocation $243m (Table 3) Project cost estimate $345m Contingency $23m (Table 3) Project budget $851m Table 1: Headline project cost element summary BASE COST ESTIMATE Effective date of BCE: dd/mm/yy Estimated date of commencement of construction: dd/mm/yy 1 Direct Costs 1.1 Materials 43 1.2 Labour 45 1.3 Plant Hire 23 Sub total $111 2 Indirect Costs 2.1 Recurrent overheads 2.1.1 Site facilities 34 2.1.2 Plant Equipment site maintenance 56 2.1.3 Project management costs 78 2.1.4 Commercial 23 2.1.5 QA and Safety 12 2.2 Non-recurrent overheads 2.2.1 Establishment and mobilisation 45 2.2.2 Disestablishment and demobilisation 56 2.2.3 Project insurances 23 2.2.4 Professional fees design, legal, financial, etc 78 Subtotal $405 3 Owners Cost 3.1 Contracted professional staff 67 3.2 Investigations 89 3.3 Land costs resumptions 34 3.4 Authority fees 78 3.5 Owner supplied plant and equipment 33 Subtotal $301 4 Contractors Fee 4.1 Profit margin 34 4.2 Corporate Overheads 67 Subtotal 23 5 Provisional Sums 78 5.1 34 Subtotal $236 TOTAL OF BASE COST ESTIMATE $1053 Table 2: Base cost estimate BASE RISK ALLOCATION AND CONTINGENCY 6 Base Risk Allocation 6.1 Escalation (period between BCE and construction) 344 6.2 Project Risk A 465 6.3 Project Risk B etc 234 Sub total $1043 7 Contingency 7.1 45 Subtotal $45 TOTAL OF PROJECT RISKS $1083 Table 3: Project risks 5.2.4 Funding Sources The check results area unit shown within the information table within the previous chapter. in line with the info from the tests, it is proved that the standard of my biodiesel is medium not therefore prime quality. (Melero et al., 2014). 5.3 Management For checking the standard of made biodiesel I did differing types of quality check in line with international rule. I did wash check and fermentation alcohol check in my space. And performed consistency check within the fluid laboratory of our mechanical department. 5.3.1 Government Growing America's Fuel - a replacement U.S. Government strategy for meeting or beating the country's biofuel targets. The report is concentrated on short term solid government solutions supporting the prevailing biofuels business, moreover as fast the industrial institution of advanced biofuels and a viable long market by remodelling however the U.S. Government will business across Departments and victimization strategic public-private partnerships. 5.3.2 Stakeholder Management and Communication Plan The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) mandates inflated production of biofuels (fuels derived from renewable biological materials). Recognizing the potential impacts of this variation, Congress needs the U.S.EPA, underneath EISA Section 204, to assess and report each 3 years on the present and potential future environmental and resource conservation impacts related to inflated use of biofuels. 5.3.3 Project Management Strategy Environmental Protection Agency is currently developing its 1st triennial report back to Congress on this issue. The strategy is to remove all the pollution replacing it with renewable resources of energy. 5.4 Delivery Mass Biofuel delivers premium BIOHEAT to your home or business. Whether or not our biodiesel is mixed with ancient fuel or immoderate low sulphur diesel, grasp that you simply square measure burning a cleaner fuel by substitution a little with a regionally created, non-toxic, and perishable fuel. 5.4.1 Change Management The agricultural sector is mostly against the assembly of biofuels as a result of it detracts from food production, and customarily the conductor. Biofuels are politically enticing as a result of the renewable then a green different, and since they are a cleaner different to, say, burning coal. 5.4.2 Timeline Milestones Milestone Date Initiated 02/22/2013 Sent for Regulatory Review 09/03/2013 Received after reviewing 09/03/2013 Regulatory Review Concluded 11/15/2013 Notice: Published 11/20/2013 Comment Period Open 11/29/2013 Published 11/29/2013 Public Meeting 12/05/2013 Comment Period Closed 01/28/2014 Final Rule: Sent to Regulatory Review 08/21/2014 Final Rule: Received 08/22/2014 Notice2: Published 12/09/2014 Final Rule: Published 00/0000 (projected) 5.4.3 Performance Measures Output name: Performance Measures Unit of measure Change in target if proposal is endorsed 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 Quantity 139 2% 4% 3 % 7% 1% Quality 346 5% 6% 7% 8% 2% Timeliness 123 1% 8% 3 % 6 % 7% 5.4.5 Exit Sign-off Strategy The product formed from the waste oil is the freshest form which can be used carefully. There is a way to titrate the product and neutralise it to bring it to the top quality. As per the study, there is a rich improvement in the country under this project and the product biodiesel which is formed is an environmental friendly product. Reference Melero, J. A., Bautista, L. F., Iglesias, J., Morales, G., Snchez-Vazquez, R. (2014). Production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil in a continuous packed bed reactor with an agglomerated Zr-SBA-15/bentonite catalyst.Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,145, 197-204. Alptekin, E., Canakci, M., Sanli, H. (2014). Biodiesel production from vegetable oil and waste animal fats in a pilot plant.Waste Management,34(11), 2146-2154. Escobar-Nio, A., Luna, C., Luna, D., Marcos, A. T., Cnovas, D., Mellado, E. (2014). Selection and Characterization of Biofuel-Producing Environmental Bacteria Isolated from Vegetable Oil-Rich Wastes.PloS one,9(8), e104063. Lai, E. P. C. (2014). Biodiesel: Environmental Friendly Alternative to Petrodiesel.J Pet Environ Biotechnol,5, e122. Martnez, G., Snchez, N., Encinar, J. M., Gonzlez, J. F. (2014). Fuel properties of biodiesel from vegetable oils and oil mixtures. Influence of methyl esters distribution.Biomass and Bioenergy,63, 22-32. Martinez-Guerra, E., Gude, V. G. (2014). Transesterification of waste vegetable oil under pulse sonication using ethanol, methanol and ethanolmethanol mixtures.Waste Management,34(12), 2611-2620. Maddikeri, G. L., Gogate, P. R., Pandit, A. B. (2014). Intensified synthesis of biodiesel using hydrodynamic cavitation reactors based on the interesterification of waste cooking oil.Fuel,137, 285-292. Muralidharan, K. (2014). Theoretical and experimental investigation on a variable compression ratio engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel. Mahesh, S. E., Ramanathan, A., Begum, K. M. S., Narayanan, A. (2015). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using KBr impregnated CaO as catalyst.Energy Conversion and Management,91, 442-450. Ciriminna, R., Pina, C. D., Rossi, M., Pagliaro, M. (2014). Understanding the glycerol market.European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology,116(10), 1432-1439. Haigh, K. F., Vladisavljevi, G. T., Reynolds, J. C., Nagy, Z., Saha, B. (2014). Kinetics of the pre-treatment of used cooking oil using Novozyme 435 for biodiesel production.Chemical Engineering Research and Design,92(4), 713-719. Mohammadshirazi, A., Akram, A., Rafiee, S., Bagheri Kalhor, E. (2014). Energy and cost analyses of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,33, 44-49. Osawa, W. O., Onyari, J. M., Sahoo, P. K., Mulaa, F. J. (2014). Process optimization for production of biodiesel from croton oil using two-stage process.IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology,8(11), 49-54. Talkit, K. M., Mahajan, D. T. (2014). Experimental Investigation on the Fuel Properties of Soybean Oil and Groundnut Oil Biodiesels and its Blends with Acetone. Hassani, M., Najafpour, G. D., Mohammadi, M., Rabiee, M. (2014). Preparation, Characterization and Application of Zeolite-based Catalyst for Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil.Journal of Scientific Industrial Research,73(2), 129-133. Ahmad, A. L., Yasin, N. M., Derek, C. J. C., Lim, J. K. (2014). Kinetic studies and thermodynamics of oil extraction and transesterification of Chlorella sp. for biodiesel production.Environmental technology,35(7), 891-897. Alhassan, F. H., Rashid, U., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H. (2015). Synthesis of waste cooking oil-based biodiesel via effectual recyclable bi-functional Fe 2 O 3 MnO SO 4 2/ZrO 2 nanoparticle solid catalyst.Fuel,142, 38-45. Pukale, D. D., Maddikeri, G. L., Gogate, P. R., Pandit, A. B., Pratap, A. P. (2014). Ultrasound assisted transesterification of waste cooking oil using heterogeneous solid catalyst.Ultrasonics Sonochemistry. Li, M., Zheng, Y., Chen, Y., Zhu, X. (2014). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using a heterogeneous catalyst from pyrolyzed rice husk.Bioresource technology,154, 345-348.

Online School Portal Essay Example

Online School Portal Essay ASP. NET PROJECT DOCUMENTATION QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ONLINE STUDENT PORTAL FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY DEVELOPERS Argete, Elma R. Chenilla, Jomar P. Duran, Mel Jane A. Junio, Jeno I. Osorio, Shekinah Roebec M. Tabotabo, Robin James A. Table of Contents Page 1 INTRODUCTION1 1. 1Background of the Company2 1. 2Rationale3 1. 3General Objectives3 2SCOPE OF THEPROJECT4 2. 1Website Design and Development4 2. 2Information System6 2. 3Maintenance, Repair, and Operations7 2. 4Documentation8 3TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS8 3. 1System Architecture8 3. Application Features and Capabilities9 4FINANCIAL ASPECT9 ANNEX A10 ANNEX B11 1 INTRODUCTION Nowadays, we are living in a fast paced world where everything is done instantly; from computing of single datum to complex calculations that human mind can imagine. The turn of the century can be marked as a revolution of information. The switch from manual to computerized recording and distribution o f records and information has led to a significant increase in public knowledge. Many institutions and organizations benefit greatly from this information which needed to be stored processed and distributed. A very good example of institution that needs to handle vast amount of information are the school universities. An online student portal is one of the essential parts of a school. As technology evolves alongside, the information revolution, the power of computer makes it easy to distribute and view information needed with just a few clicks. Quezon City Polytechnic University handles a lot of students, since it increases annually, the dissemination of information can be very hard. Handling large amount of information can be managed with the use of a computerized system. We, the proponents, decided to propose an Online Student Portal for Quezon City Polytechnic University. This system will help the school to get-in-touch with their students and also increase the enrollment for the coming years because the school profile can be easily promoted via internet. 1. 1 Background of the Company Quezon City Polytechnic University (QCPU) is a Local university founded by Quezon City government. QCPU was established on March 1, 1994 and formerly known as the Quezon City Polytechnic. The Quezon City Polytechnic came into existence on March 1, 1994  by virtue of the City Council Ordinance No. We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Online School Portal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer SP-171 an institution to primarily undertake the training and development of qualified technicians and skilled workers. The Three-Year Technician Curriculum was introduced in the SY 1994-1995 designed to develop highly competent technicians for industry in the areas of Automotive Technology, Electrical Technology, Welding Technology, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Technology, and Fashion Technology. Added to the Three-Year Curriculum in the school year that followed were Electronics Technology, Mechanical Technology or Machine Shop, Computer Technology and an industry-led pilot course in Boiler Technology. The QCP established its reputation among local government units as a show window and model technology-based institution paving the way for its recognition of the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) and developing a strong alliance with the Korea-Philippines Information Technology Center (KorPhil). KorPhil is a premier ICT training center in the Asia-Pacific region, powered by state-of-the-art Korean technology complemented by Filipino ingenuity. It was facilitated by a $4. million grant from Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) to the Philippines Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA). This center was officially inaugurated by His Excellency President ROH MOO HYUN of the Republic of Korea and Her Excellency President GLORIA MACAPAGAL ARROYO of the Republic of the Philippines on December 16, 2005 during the incumbency of Hon. Secretary AUGUSTO BOY SYJUCO, Tesda Director General and Hon. FELICIANO R. BELMONTE JR. , Mayor of Quezo n City. In 2001, Ordinance SP – 1030 created a charter for the establishment of  Quezon City  Polytechnic  University. QCPU started its operation by offering one (1) year programs and short term courses. By the year 2005, QCPU started offering college degree courses. Right now, QCPU prides itself in providing employment to its graduates and serves as a tool for national development, particularly in Quezon City. At present, under the leadership of Mayor Feliciano Belmonte, Jr. , starting SY 2005, meaningful access to higher education is now possible with a ladderized concept of pursuing higher education. The idea is that every person should have the opportunity for education and training commensurate to his abilities. 1. 2 Rationale The development of this study is done for the Quezon City Polytechnic University to have a student portal that will enable students access various information regarding school activities, announcements and even have their own account with the use of a website. 1. 3 General Objectives The study aims to provide an on-line student portal for QCPU in helping them to access their school information anytime with the use of internet. Specific Objectives To let the student view study-related information, allowing them to update their personal details online to ensure they won’t miss any important University correspondence. * To be able to access Student Portal from any computer within the University or off-campus at any time with an internet connection. * To store and retrieve data of the student. * To integrate information into a systematic way of browsin g the schools updates of events using World Wide Web. * To develop portals in online scheme to link the students and the university departments regarding with the enrollment process. SCOPE OF THEPROJECT 2. 4 Website Design and Development Using the Student Portal, the service provider will make available the following during the development of the website: * The system provides log-in and log-out for security purposes. * Covers information of the students including their exams results, grades, schedules, and their school profiles. * Provides posting of announcement to update every student about school events, activities and programs. Specifically, it will provide facility on the following sections: Main Page Home: is the main page of a website which gives detailed information of the company, it also provides links to its other parts. * Latest News: This section they post the latest news about the school. School Profile Section * These sections have a sub link which includes the comp any information, company hymn, department and offices, mission, vision, core values, university officials, and student council. Academics Section * These sections have a sub link which includes the Bachelor degrees, 5 months programs, admissions, technical and vocational studies, 2 months programs, and entrance exam results. Students Section * Have a sub links which includes the organizations, publications, enrollment dates, and SIS. SIS Modules Section * Have a sub link named student. QCPU Campuses Section * In these sections you’ll see the pictures of every campus. 2. 5 Information System Information system is any written electronic or graphical method of communicating information. The basis of information system is the sharing and processing of information and ideas. Computer and telecommunication technologies have become essential information system components. Information systems are combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create and distribute useful data, information and knowledge, typically in organizational settings. Organization use information system for a variety of reasons: to gain competitive advantage, reach more customers, or improve services. Most modern business depends heavily on information system, from employee e-mail to database management to e-commerce websites. Some IT folks work behind the scenes to make sure that all the information systems being taken for granted run smoothly. Others help design these information systems according to an organization’s needs. And still others make sure that this information to the user in a clear, useful, and dynamic way. 2. 6 Maintenance, Repair, and Operations Supplies consumed in the production process but which do not either become part of the end product or are not central to the firm’s output. MRO items include consumables (such as cleaning, laboratory, or office supplies), industrial equipment (such as compressors, pump valves) and plant upkeep (such as gaskets, lubricants, repair tools), and computers, fixtures, furniture, etc. MRO items are used in production and maintenance and can be items such as maintenance supplies, spare parts, and consumables used in the production process. These items can be either valuated or non-valuated and depending on the value of the items no physical in inventory performed. MRO in business context, it is a catch-all term for the sourcing and procurement of miscellaneous, such as spare parts, stationery and ink cartridges. Maintenance, Repair and Operation work keeps a business run smoothly. A computer manufacturing business, for example, could not function without ready supply spare components for faulty or broken machines. . 7 Documentation Documentation is the usually printed instructions, comments, and information for using a particular piece or system of computer software or hardware. It is the materials that provides official information or evidences that serves as a records. Documentation is the written specifications and instructions accompanying a product, especially a computer program or hardware. Documentation is now often built directly into the product as part of the users interface and in help pages. 2 TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 3. 8 System Architecture ) Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) which specifically uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to access and manipulate the databases for rapid generation of exception and on-demand reports and development or other query programs. b) Client/Server Architecture where application subsystems integrate with the workflow and information are easily accessed and retrieved through the LAN 3. 9 Application Features and Capabilities The applications have the following features and capabilities: A) The application is fully developed, running, customizable, and have the following features: i) Secured Login. The system will authorized users of the application to log in with their student number and password in order to enter the portal. Without the right combination of these two login requirements, any unauthorized access of the portal will be impossible. ii) Access Rights. This involves the granting of rights of access to the system or command of the application of authorized users by the designated System Administrator. The system also limits or widens the admission of specific users to specific activities or transactions without the assistance of the designated computer programmer. FINANCIAL ASPECT ANNEX A ESTIMATED PROJECT COST ASSUMPTIONS Requirement| No. of Unit| Unit Cost| Total Cost| Application Systems-Web Development-Information System| | | | Maintenance Cost| | | | Documentation and User Training| | | | Total Cost| | | | ANNEX B GANTT CHART Activity| Month 1| Month 2| Month 3| Month 4| Website Design and Development| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Information System| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Maintenance, Repair and Operation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Documentation| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Engineering wheat (Triticum aestivum) Essays

Engineering wheat (Triticum aestivum) Essays Engineering wheat (Triticum aestivum) Essay Engineering wheat (Triticum aestivum) Essay Describe how you would place the wheat asparagine synthetase cistrons based on homology to cistrons from other species, clone the complementary DNA and confirm cistron map. I would foremost obtain the sequences for the Arabidopsis thaliana and rice ( Oryza sativa ) asparagine synthetase ( AS ) cistrons from Pubmed, and compare this to the wheat genome sequence utilizing BLAST online. This can be seen for the wheat AS cistrons: TaASN1 and TaASN2 and putative homologues have been described on Homologene on the Pubmed ( NCBI ) web site. Homologues include the ASN2 A ; 3 cistrons in A.thaliana and the theoretical Os06g0265000 cistron in Oryza sativa. A survey performed by Wang H et Al to insulate the wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) TaASN1 and TaASN2 cistrons, compared them for homology to AS cistrons of other beings, they found that the glutamine binding sites and Class-II glutamine amidotransferase ( Glutaminase ) sphere were conserved. Hence we could plan primers from the parts of homology conserved in AS cistrons, cognizing that there is a good opportunity they will be successful for usage in cloning the complementary DNA of the wheat AS cistrons. Genomic DNA could be extracted from wheat by homogenizing wheat tissue, as described by M A ; oslash ; ller et Al in which they did this for the liliopsid, barley. The method comprised of homogenising works tissue by puting about 200 A ; micro ; g into a 2.2-ml plastic tubing with two cylindrical beads, stop deading it in liquid N and crunching the tissue into a pulverization by vortexing at high velocities. Subsequent centrifugation and washing stairss would let the extraction of genomic wheat Deoxyribonucleic acid. Using the primers designed from the homologous parts of AS cistrons, we could so magnify a part of Deoxyribonucleic acid from this cistron via PCR to obtain a longer fragment of genomic DNA to plan better primers. The new primers can be used with messenger RNA extracted from wheat grain in the procedure of contrary written text PCR ( RT-PCR ) . This would bring forth cloned wheat complementary DNA at the AS cistrons TaASN1 and TaASN2. I could so infix the complementary DNA into a cloning vector, which contains the N-terminal fragment of the LacZ operon, leting testing cells when the vector is transformed. To corroborate cistron map, I would transform the complementary DNA vector incorporating the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons into E.coli, to do a complementary DNA library. The E.coli that I use will be knock outs for endogenous E.coli Asparagine Synthetase cistrons. They will besides miss the N-terminal fragment of the LacZ operon, similar to the M15 mutation of E.coli. E.coli, transformed successfully via electroporation, will incorporate a vector which has the N-terminal fragment of the LacZ operon, and the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons. E.coli would so be plated onto agarose home bases with media incorporating: X-Gal, IPTG ( a gratuitous inducer of the Lac operon ) and glutamate, but no asparagine. E.coli transformed successfully will be able to synthesize asparagines from glutatmate utilizing the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons on the vector, nevertheless untransformed cells will decease due to miss of asparagine. To farther guarantee that cells have been transformed successfully, the lasting cell settlements should be coloured bluish. The vector, incorporating the losing portion of the Lac operon, will let the transformed cells to change over the colorless X-Gal into a blue coloured substance. Hence bluish settlements that survive will be successfully transformed, and besides confirm that the wheat AS cistron s ( TaASN1 A ; 2 ) map is to synthesize asparagines from glutamate. The T-DNA concept seen in Figure 1 is designed to hush the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons in wheat grain. The Glu-1D-1 booster has been shown to be extremely endosperm particular to wheat grain by Lamacchia et Al and would therefore be ideal in pick in which to show the hushing concept in this experiment. This is because the T-DNA will merely be transcribed in wheat grain cells which have the ability to acknowledge this booster and transcribe Deoxyribonucleic acid after it. The silencing concept, shown as: ( AS2i, AS1i, I, AS1, AS2 ) , consists if the TaASN1 cistron and the TaASN2 cistron inserted as an upside-down repetition on either side of an intronic spacer sequence ( I ) . The ensuing concept, when transcribed specifically in wheat grain cells, will bring forth hairpin messenger RNA, due to the intronic spacer. The hairpin messenger RNA, which is dsRNA, will be recognised by the Dicer-RDE composite, which cleaves the messenger RNA into short fragments of 21-23bp in length. These fragments are referred to as short interfering RNA ( siRNA ) and are recognised by the RNAi silencing composite ( RISC ) , which binds to them and migrates to mRNA with complementary sequence. By adhering to and aiming the complementary messenger RNA for debasement the cistron look of the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons will be inhibited, because most of the messenger RNA transcribed from those cistrons will be degraded. Therefore this concept is structured to bring forth the effectual silencing of the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons. After the silencing concept, there is a expiration sequence which will hold written text, guaranting accurate written text of the hairpin messenger RNA. The Ubi1 booster is the corn ubiquitin booster and noncoding DNA, which will bring forth look of a cistron downstream to it ubiquitously throughout the wheat works. The cistron downstream of Ubi1 is shown as K res in Figure 1. It is a Kanamycin opposition cistron and is included in the T-DNA concept for usage as a selectable marker to test for successfully transformed hosts. There is another expiration sequence in the T-DNA, 3 A ; premier ; to the K res cistron, to guarantee that merely the K RESs cistron is ubiquitously transcribed in wheat. The T-DNA concept will be inserted into a vector as shown in Figure 2. It contains a Ampicillin opposition cistron, and beginnings of reproduction ( ORI ) that will let plasmid reproduction in both E.coli and A.tumefaciens. The vector will be is transformed into disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which have been modified to incorporate a helper plasmid and besides will hold had their Tumor-inducing plasmid removed. This assistant plasmid will incorporate the vir cistrons required to reassign T-DNA into the works and incorporate it into the works genome. The vir cistrons recognise the left and right boundary line repetitions, strike the T-DNA, reassign it into the works karyon, and intergrate it into the works s atomic Deoxyribonucleic acid. Therefore with this method the T-DNA concept will incorporate into cells of the wheat works, nevertheless the hushing concept will merely be translated in the wheat grain cells, as the Glu-1D-1 booster is merely active in these cells. Consequently the look of the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons will inhibited and the asparagine content of wheat should be reduced. Describe how you would transform the concept into wheat and isolate transgenic wheat workss. To transform the concept into wheat I have decided to utilize an Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector method of wheat transmutation. I chose to utilize this method over Bioloistics, because the reported transmutation frequence ( TF ) utilizing Agrobacterium is reported to be higher than that of Biolostics. Jones HD besides reported that utilizing immature blossomings as a wheat explant pick has shown good T-DNA look from Agrobacterium mediated transmutation. Hence I would transform immature blossomings from wheat, with my concept designed in Q2, utilizing and Agrobacterium mediated method of transmutation. I would transform the vector into E.coli via electroporation, to magnify the concept, choosing for successful transformants utilizing ampicillin opposition conferred by the vector. I would insulate the vector from the E.coli after elaboration, and transform the vector into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The Agrobacterium will already hold been transformed with a assistant plasmid, which contains the Vir cistrons, which will let the transportation of T-DNA into the wheat. I would so submerse hurt immature blossomings into a suspension of the transformed A. tumefaciens. The workss would so be placed onto agarose civilization medium, incorporating Kantrex for choice of T-DNA incorporating transformed workss. Kanamycin will kill any workss which do non incorporate the vector, and the A. tumefaciens will decease due to miss of opines for foods. The media will besides incorporate the works endocrines auxin and cytokinin to excite root and shoot growing severally, and bring on callus formation. Hence merely transformed workss will organize a callosity, which can be regenerate in agar to organize plantlets and so grown in dirt to turn to the grownup wheat works. Describe how you would analyze the transgenic workss to prove for a nexus between look of the asparagine synthetase cistrons and acrylamide formation. First I would analyze the wheat grain utilizing RT-PCR to find the effects of the cistron hushing. I would homogenize both transgenic wheat grain and control wheat grain ( with a dummy vector incorporating no T-DNA ) and pull out the messenger RNA. Using the primers designed in portion 1 I would so magnify the messenger RNA produced by the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons. By running the merchandises on an agarose gel, the comparative look and activity of the cistrons can be measured and compared utilizing the comparative strengths of the sets in the gel. Transformed wheat grain should hold less messenger RNAs produced from the TaASN1 A ; 2 cistrons due to their suppression organize the silencing concept. I would besides analyze the transgenic wheat grain and toast made from the transgenic wheat grain, utilizing High Performance Liquid Chromatography ( HPLC ) to farther find the effects of the cistron hushing. It is of import to prove the acrylamide content of toasted staff of life, because acrylamide is formed from asparagine under high temperatures via the Maillard reaction. A low degree of acrylamide is the most of import consequence to obtain as it is the toxic substance in toast and will be ideal to take down. HPLC is a technique normally used in nutrient, cosmetic and environmental industries to observe the presence of compounds that could be harmful to the consumer. Compounds can be separated, identified and quantified utilizing this method, which basically consists of filtrating compounds through a column, based on assorted physical and chemical interactions. Rommens et al successfully used this method to find the asparagine content of murphies and the acrylamide content of Gallic french friess. Hence obtaining a low value of both asparagine and acrylamide, when compared to command wheat grain and control toast, will mean that the hushing concept transformed into wheat has successfully lowered the asparagine content and hence besides lowered the harmful acrylamide content of wheat. Reference List Wang H, Liu D, Sun J, Zhang A. Asparagine synthetase cistron TaASN1 from wheat is up-regulated by salt emphasis, osmotic emphasis and ABA. J Plant Physiol. 2005 Jan ; 162 ( 1 ) :81-9. M A ; oslash ; ller MG, Taylor C, Rasmussen SK, Holm PB. Molecular cloning and word picture of two cistrons encoding asparagine synthetase in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. ) Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Jul 28 ; 1628 ( 2 ) :123-32. Lamacchia C, Shewry PR, Di Fonzo N, Forsyth JL, Harris N, Lazzeri PA, Napier JA, Halford NG, Barcelo P. Endosperm-specific activity of a storage protein cistron booster in transgenic wheat seed. J Exp Bot. 2001 Feb ; 52 ( 355 ) :243-50. Christensen AH. , Sharrock RA, Quail PH. Maize polyubiquitin cistrons construction, thermic disturbance of look and transcript splice, and booster activity following transportation to energids by electroporation. Plant Molecular Biology ( 1992 ) 18, 675-689 Jones HD. Wheat transmutation: current engineering and applications to grain development and composing. Journal of Cereal Science ( 2005 ) 41: 137-147 Rommens CM, Yan H, Swords K, Richael C, Ye J. Low-acrylamide French french friess and potato french friess. Plant Biotechnol J. 2008 Oct ; 6 ( 8 ) :843-53

Analysis of one of Humes arguments touching on the existence of God Essay

Analysis of one of Humes arguments touching on the existence of God - Essay Example Hume compares God’s (the Designer’s) created systems and the intended purpose on creation. In using the two characters, Cleanthes and Philo, Hume weigh both sides of the creator. Cleanthes supports the rationale of the Designer’s creations and attests that the designer is both never-ending and munificent in his creation. Both characters agree on one point that the Designer had a wise plan in his creation and that human suffering is evident in the world (Tweyman 84). However, in his work, it is evident that Hume inclines his arguments to Philo who argues that the Designer’s purpose was for human’s goodwill ought to eliminate the recurrent human suffering, and the conflicts between humans and other organisms. Cleanthes attempts to compare the designer’s intended purpose on the creation with that of machines shows the significance and interrelations of every aspect of creation in comparison to the roles various functional parts of a machine. However, Philo attacks Cleanthes’ hypothesis using a cause-effect approach and argues that the world designs do not uphold Cleanthes’ arguments (Tweyman 85). In his arguments to counter act Cleanthes’ beliefs on the Designer’s purpose on creation, Philo explains the unsatisfactory nature of both humans and animals and explains that the Designer ought to intervene since he is power is never-ending. As such, he argues that the creator’s purpose was that his creations could not be happy. At one point, Philo doubts the capability of the Creator’s ability to eliminate various evils of the world. Philo asserts that if the creator is willing to eliminate the evils and does endeavor to eliminate such evils, then he is powerless. He gives another assertion that if the Designer is capable of eliminating such crimes but does not do so, he ought to be malevolent. Conversely, Philo asserts that there ought to be no evils and human suffering if the Designer is both capacitated and

The Jetstar Group and Customer Service Issues Research Proposal

The Jetstar Group and Customer Service Issues - Research Proposal Example Jester Group has successful to generate huge manpower base of 7000 currently across Asia Pacific which was only 400 people in 2004 at the initial phase of its business operation. This airline group offers 3000 flights per week to near about 60 destinations in 16 countries and territories across Asia Pacific by its core assets of 60 aircrafts. This airline group is recognised for value based and low fare airlines in Asia pacific and it is highly successful in a different customers segment who desire for lowest fare. Mission of the company shows its core focus on the low fares which has successfully its core competency (Jetstar, 2012). Airline industry is part of hospitality industry which is a service based industry. So, for a service company, quality is the most important factor and the company needs to have best focus on quality of the services which only results customer satisfaction. Satisfaction is the parameter to measure the quality and broadly worth of an airline service provi ded by a service company like Jetstar. Gerally low fare airlines provide comparably lower quality of services to the customers. It is a very common customer psyche is that low price means low quality. Therefore, despite of tremendous growth of Jetstar airlines, it low fare service recognition might have decreased its brand value with respect to quality of service which results number of service issues from the customers. Business problem Different service issues are common for the service industries especially for airlines industry as it is a part of hospitality industry. Service provided by the airlines companies need to be of high quality as in hospitality industry quality of service with respect to customer satisfaction needs to be the core value of business. Jetstar group has been receiving frequent customer service issues and this might be for its low fare focus where quality is automatically neglected by the staffs and employees to provide service in lowest cost. It is a commo n perception that airlines companies that only focus low fare service do not review the customers’ feedback or even do not bother to get customers’ response with service related issues or complaints (Steven, Dong, & Smith, n.d., p.37). Therefore, this might be a major problem for Jetstar airlines as it also focus on low fare service and many customers might have unsatisfied with the service provide by the Jetstar. Different issues regarding service offered by the airlines leads to decline in existing customer base. Customer satisfaction positively influence potential customers and helps to generate new customers and this will only be possible if there is no service related issues an airline company gets. Frequent service issues or service complaints are indication of decline of quality of service. Research questions This study presents a detailed research and analysis of critical business problems of an airline company. The motivation of this study can summarized throu gh a specific research question. What are the service issues Jetstar Group? No company disclose service issues or customers’